Supply Chain Management Nissan Cogent Case Study

2012 - 2013 Maryam Ali Tahir SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT EARLY SUPPLIER INVOLVEMENT AND CODEVELOPMENT: NISSAN COGENT CASE STUDY SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT Table of Contents 1- INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................. 3 2- DISCUSSION....................................................................................................................................... 3 3- KEY THEORETICAL POINTS ................................................................................................................ 4 4- NISSAN COGENT†¦show more content†¦Supplier development on the other hand is referd to as all the actions an organization takes to identify ways to improve the performance of its suppliers. It also involves facilitating the continual improvement of the products or goods and services supplied to its business unit (Krause et al, 1997). Supplier development requires an organization to embrace its supplier’s professionalism and aligning it to the customer’s company objective; this can be achieved by understanding, openness, communication, and feedback. Early Supplier Involvement (ESI) is a means for organizations to integrate their supplier’s capabilities in to their supply chain system and operations (Dowlatshahi, 1998). This technique leads to benefits in improvement of the design for manufacture, lowering of total cost, improved quality as well as more customer satisfaction as a result of improved product performance (Liker et al.). Dowlatshahi (1999) developed a model of ESI. His model consisted of four main components. However the component of design in the model is now focused more on the development of the process rather than on the development of the product. The four components of the Dowlatshahi’s Model are interrelated to one another and some of the tasks are performed aided by the other components to form a seamless integrated supply chain. However it is essential for information to flow freely between each component. Furthermore, inShow MoreRelatedNissan Cogent Case Study2103 Words   |  9 PagesSUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT NISSAN COGENT CASE STUDY CONTENTS Page number 1. AIM 3 2. INTRODUCTION 3 3.1. Supply Chain 3. NISSAN-An Overview 4 4.2. Mission 4 4.3. SWOT analysis. 4 4. Evolution of COGENT 5 5. COMPARATIVE CASE STUDY 7-8 6.4. Toyota 7 6.5. Nissan 8 6.6. Honda Read MoreSupplier Development Nissan Cogent Case Essay2823 Words   |  12 Pagesï » ¿ TITLE PAGE SUPPLIER DEVELOPMENT: A NISSAN-COGENT CASE-STUDY (M25EKM) PRESENTED BY EMEKA ANTHONY EKPOKOBA 4664871 TABLE OF CONTENT. Introduction Chapter One: Supplier Development. 1.1: Definitions of Supplier development. 1.2: Organizational structures that support the Supplier development scheme. 1.3: Objectives of entering into a partnership with Suppliers 1.4: The role of Leadership in supporting Supplier Development. Chapter Two: Implementing the Supplier DevelopmentRead MoreFord Motor Case Study5714 Words   |  23 Pagesachievement, achievement from a company, a country or at the very least a non – financial institute to achieve strategic success. Ford Motor Company has in recent times lost its market share to emerging Asian companies such as Honda, Toyota, Hyundai and Nissan. As a new landscape of economic might surfaces, new car stereotypes are emerging. Finding a place in these segments is proving difficult for Ford Motors and hence need to change its strategies. 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Watkins 100 Avoiding Integrity Land Mines Ben W. Heineman, Jr. 20 33 FORETHOUGHT HBR CASE STUDY Why Didn t We Know? Ralph Hasson 45 FIRST PERSON Preparing for the Perfect Product Launch THOU Read MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesknow better) to trivialize this very problematic and challenging subject. This is not the case with the present book. This is a book that deserves to achieve a wide readership. Professor Stephen Ackroyd, Lancaster University, UK This new textbook usefully situates organization theory within the scholarly debates on modernism and postmodernism, and provides an advanced introduction to the heterogeneous study of organizations, including chapters on phenomenology, critical theory and psychoanalysis

The Threat Of Global Warming - 988 Words

â€Å"It’s a well-kept secret, but 95 per cent of the climate models we are told prove the link between human CO2 emissions and catastrophic global warming have been found, after nearly two decades of temperature stasis, to be in error,† writes Maurice Newman, chief business advisor to Australian Prime Minister Tony Abbott (Dunn). With this bold declaration, Australia thrust itself onto the international stage where it was widely criticized and condemned by the United Nations and environmental supporters worldwide. Already behind the world in climate change legislation, Australia quickly became the face of global warming denial. Maintenance of positive international relations is not so simple to achieve as the reaction to this statement shows. Modern technological advances have made our world smaller and instantaneous communication gives us knowledge of events, disasters or political blunders as they are happening. Communication and cooperation between countries, therefore, is more important now than ever. This is especially true for environmental concerns amid the continued disagreement about climate change and man’s contribution. Australia in particular, has done very little to solve the problem of rising greenhouse gas emissions insisting that targeting emissions reductions voluntarily will work and using vague reduction goals as the primary solution. Australia and other nations must face the reality of a warming world and make real progress on climate change by workingShow MoreRelatedThe Threat Of Global Warming976 Words   |  4 Pagescentury more dramatically than any other, and that is the ur gent threat of a changing climate â€Å" ( Barack Obama ). Global warming is the increase of earth’s average surface temperature. The threat has presently widespread over a 50 year timeline. The human race has birthed a disastrous world that is deteriorating every second of the day. It is becoming almost too hard to come back from this catastrophe. Global Warming is a threat that we sometimes call â€Å" the greenhouse effect. â€Å" The greenhouseRead MoreThe Threat Of Global Warming1447 Words   |  6 PagesGlobal warming is a terrifying thing to think about. People try to ignore it because they are afraid of what it will cause. They don’t want to accept what scientists are saying, â€Å"Humans are to blame†. I, being a future scientist, also believe that humanity is the cause of global warming. This believe of mine stemmed from a class I took in middle school that put us, students, in the shoes of United Nations members. We had to take sides on issues such as deforestation and the usage of fossil fuelsRead MoreGlobal Warming Is A Threat Essay1533 Words   |  7 PagesGlobal warming has been a controversial issue since the first publication of global warming, â€Å"Worlds in the Making,† by Svante Arrhenius in 1896. This topic is discussed in multiple areas of life, including politics, at the din ner table, and among scientists in a laboratory. The various viewpoints of individuals usually lead to a heated discussion on global warming, and sometimes ignites an intense argument. Through research and discussions with various people, I have come to the belief that globalRead MoreThe Threat Of Global Warming1487 Words   |  6 PagesEver since the twenty-first century, the injury and menace posed by global climate change to human being has long been acknowledged by public. In the face of global warming, a series of resulting problems inflict a serious threat on the nature environment, which is the material base of the human being depending on. Therefore, climate change is no longer just a discipline problem but also has gradually become a major social problem, which has draw a common concern for us humans. During this, the resultingRead MoreThe Threat Of Global Warming1816 Words   |  8 PagesHumanity’s Biggest Threat Recently, the issue about climate change has been on and off the news headlines. The debate whether if global warming is real or hoax is gradually getting more attention to the public. Global warming is defined as phenomenon that causes global average temperature to rise in a steady rate.While many people speculate that global warming is a temporary issue that won’t be a serious issue after a while, scientific data point out that it could be a big threat to the world andRead MoreThe Threat Of Global Warming3159 Words   |  13 Pagesworld governments about the threat that global warming poses to life on Earth. The scientists have raised the alarm numerous times, even as the effects become noticeable today. But why then, as the effects of global warming are becoming more obvious as time passes, have countries like the US, Australia, and Canada done nothing to address the problem? As Kiribati, the Solomon Islands, Fiji, and other pacific island nations sink due to rising seas p erpetuated by global warming, these countries have beenRead MoreThe Threat Of Global Warming1129 Words   |  5 PagesHuman activities have been identified as the most significant cause of recent climate change; it is often referred to ‘Global Warming’. The main cause of global warming is emission of greenhouse gases .The main source of energy today - coal, gases and oil produce greenhouse gases, in particular carbon dioxide. Nuclear energy can reduce the dependence on fossil fuels. It is used to generate electric power but unlike fossil fuels it does not emit greenhouse gases. Therefore, the best possible solutionRead MoreEssay on The Threat of Global Warming1667 Words   |  7 PagesThe Threat of Global Warming Through the eyes of most scientists, global warming is seen as a very serious and severe threat. The actions taken by humans, such as industry and consumption of fossil fuels plus the increase in population and agriculture have played a big part in global warming. If something is not done soon the results could be very bad.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  By the middle of the twenty first century, there is evidence that the Earth will be warmer than it has been at any time in human historyRead MoreThe Threat Of Global Warming1779 Words   |  8 Pagespaying the consequences from past generation’s inability to make the right but hard choices, in order to protect and preserve our environment. The NRDC website lists the top global warming symptoms as melting glaciers, rising sea levels, severe weather patterns, the human health, and wildlife. (Consequences of Global Warming). Drilling in ANWR would cause horrifying situations for the wildlife ecosystem and inescapable affects on life in America and around the world, as we know it. In the NationalRead MoreThe Threat Of Global Warming1023 Words   |  5 Pagescatastrophic global warming have been found, after nearly two decades of temperature stasis, to be in error,† writes Maurice Newman, chief business advisor to Australian Prime Minister Tony Abbott ( Dunn). With this bold declaration, Australia thrust itself onto the international stage where it was widely criticized and condemned by the United Nations and environmental supporters worldwide. Already behind the world in climate change legislation, Australia quickly became the face of global warming denial

A short story by Nadine Gordimer Free Essays

This short story, by Nadine Gordimer, overall, speaks on the deep-seethed racial tension that influenced the individuals in this story. In essence it is about a presumably white woman being mugged by an equally presumable black male (Gordimer is from South Africa and frequently wrote about racial tension). The tension in this story is so saturating that it even manages to conquer the language, imagery, and actions of the two people involved. We will write a custom essay sample on A short story by Nadine Gordimer or any similar topic only for you Order Now The first paragraph reads, â€Å"It was a cool grey morning and the air was like smoke. In that reversal of the elements that sometimes takes place, the grey, soft, muffled sky moved like the sea on a silent day. † In the very first sentence it is established that there is a smoggy, perhaps suffocating quality in the air. Smoke is a hazardous, cancer causing gas that is also an agent of concealment; these attributes can also apply to the effects of apartheid. Like cancer, racial tension spread rampantly through South Africa and concealed a person’s character by his skin color. Even in the morning the â€Å"air was like smoke† as if to almost say, no matter how early you wake up racial tension is prevalent. In the very next sentence, it is stated that a reversal of elements has taken place which foreshadows a reversal of sorts in the later part of the story in which the woman becomes a victim. As she walks by the man her concentration is directed towards the scent of pine needles that were formerly held in her hand. A thudding is heard and the man appears unexpectedly panting in her face. This sequence of events inspires another theme in the story—fear. A fear of the unknown is evident early in the story, if only subtly, and evolves into an overwhelming sense of dread. As the woman first notices the red-capped figure in the distance, she inexplicably switches her â€Å"bag and parcel from one arm to the other†. This is a common defense mechanism for women fearing a mugging from a perceived source or to simply add a sense of security. Later, as she nears the figure on the path, she grabs â€Å"a little sheath of pine needles†¦and as she walked she ran them against her thumb. † An innocuous action that seems to hold her attention until the visage of the man steals it away. After passing the now weary, raggedy man, she realizes that the pine needles were no longer in her hand (she doesn’t know when this happened which would lead to the conclusion that she was transfixed on the man when the needles were dropped). The woman then decides to sniff her hand in order to remember what the needles smelled like in order to compare them to a similar scent from her childhood. The pine needles, which leave a residue on her fingers, leaves the woman with a need to wash them for, â€Å"Unless her hands were quite clean, she could not lose consciousness of them, they obtruded upon her.† By being keen on washing her hands, she would no longer be wary of the figure in which she passed and therefore relinquish her caution. This sets up the next scene as just when the woman decides to let her mind linger on her hands, the man makes his move. â€Å"†¦and then he was there in front of her, so startling, so utterly unexpected, panting right into her face. He stood dead still and she stood dead still. Every vestige of control, of sense, of thought, went out of her as a room plunges into dark at the failure of power and she found herself whimpering like an idiot or a child. Animal sounds came out of her throat. She gibbered. For a moment it was Fear itself that had her by the arms, the legs, the throat; not fear of the man, of any single menace he might present, but Fear, absolute, abstract. If the earth had opened up in fire at her feet, if a wild beast had opened its terrible mouth to receive her, she could not have been reduced to less than she was now. † It is expressly stated that she did not fear the man, so why does Fear present itself only when he bounds to her? Such terror is realized when preconceived notions of class barriers are shattered unexpectedly and what’s to come next remains a mystery. The language changes to reflect the horror that the woman experiences in this moment. She does not simply stand still but dead still, a simile is used to express the fleeting feelings of control, and animal (inhuman) sounds are produced from her throat. Fear also becomes personified by being made a proper noun and entangling her in its grip. Throughout the story the man is made to seem opposite of the woman. As the woman in the story is traveling along a path, she spots a figure (a â€Å"native†) with a red cap. Upon reaching the man, by following the path, it is expressed that his trouser leg is torn off, revealing â€Å"the peculiarly dead, powdery black of cold† (the effects of the weather on his cracked skin); his eyes are also red and he smells of sweat. When the confrontation occurs, his depiction of something different from her becomes more pronounced. His foot is stated to be â€Å"†¦cracked from exposure until it looked like broken wood†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , his face is sullen, voice is deep and hoarse, and he has a pink injury on his skin. Such a distinct contrast with the woman is made to emphasize the cause of the tension. After the woman escapes, she desperately runs from the scene in order to get back on the road. The language that follows gives a sense of one escaping a foreign world, â€Å"And she was out. She was on the road†¦. She could hear a faint hum, as of life†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Her once encompassing fear has now eased slightly and the cause seems to be her flight from the velds and brush. The setting of where the â€Å"native† resided and where the woman wants to go are also contrasts that make-up the difference between the two and only add to the foreignness of the encounter. The last two paragraphs of the story are most interesting in that after the tussle, the woman decides, after some deliberation, that she would not tell anyone of what just happened. â€Å"Why did I fight, she thought suddenly. What did I fight for? Why didn’t I give him the money and let him go? † Perhaps she felt pity for the man? He was obviously poor and tired with severe exposure to the elements â€Å"His red eyes, and the smell and those cracks in his feet, fissures, erosion.† Perhaps her story would appear shady to the people she told, â€Å"She thought of the woman coming to the door, of the explanations, of the woman’s face, and the police. † It is evident from her previous behavior that a mugging was in the realm of possibility, and from the man’s appearance it was also evident that such an action was not beneath him. The woman doesn’t tell anyone of her encounter because of the social difference between the two. At the end of the day, the woman can most likely replenish her lost items but, from the description of the man, his survival could have been at stake if he didn’t acquire assets or funds. The is described walking down the road, â€Å"like an invalid†, because she was robbed and such an occurrence leaves a hollow feeling but she realizes that she must move on, signified by her picking the â€Å"blackjacks from her stockings. † â€Å"Is There Nowhere Else Where We Can Meet? † is a unique title, firstly in its use of ‘nowhere’ instead of ‘anywhere’ and secondly, that the meeting between the two characters in the story is an undesirable one because of the racial tension in South Africa. Had these two people met in a different country things might have been different. How to cite A short story by Nadine Gordimer, Papers

Kennedy Argumentative Essay Example For Students

Kennedy Argumentative Essay John Fitzgerald Kennedy was the 35th president of the United States. Hewas the youngest president ever to be elected, the first Roman Catholicpresident, and the first president to be born in the 20th century. Although, hedidnt get the chance to live out his term and possible another one, he impactedthe entire world. No other president was so popular, especially with the youngpeople. John F. Kennedy was born May 29th, 1917, child of Joseph P. and RoseKennedy. John had eight brothers and sisters: Joseph P. Jr. (1915), Rosemary(1918), Kathleen (1920), Eunice (1921), Patricia (1924), Robert F. (1925), Jean(1928) and Edward M. (1932). All of the children were born in Brookline,Massachusetts. They were all very competitive due to their parents. The onlything that was important to them was winning. John grew up in the nineteentwenties and thirties at his birth place of Brookline, Massachusetts. John hadonce stated, life is unfair,1 yet for him the statement wasdefinitely not true. His child hood consisted of many things. Coming from awealthy family let him have the freedom to do what most kids couldnt. Thatstill didnt keep him from behaving like other kids. He and his brothers andsisters all participated in things such as sailboat races, tennis matches, oreven just a simple game of touch football. All family members were alwaysencouraged to get involved with government issues. Small talk wasnt allowed atthe Kennedy dinner table2. They discussed world and national issues. The impactof these discussions wouldnt be seen until later. Joseph and Rose were tryingto prepare their sons for public life and prepare their daughters for marriagesto distinguished young men. In 1937, the Kennedy family moved to Great Britainso that Johns father could become the American ambassador there for threeyears. John stayed in the United States for an education at Harvard University. John was a very good student at Harvard, yet he didnt make the high grades thathis brother had. So, John joined two clubs and spent most of his time working ona newspaper published at Harvard, Crimson3. When he had finished hisschool term his father decided to let him tour Europe. When he was there hestarted to become interested in wars and politics, after noticing Hitlersactions. John went back there the following summer and saw how Hitler never gaveup and continued to strengthen his army. He knew of the war that was sooncoming. The United States had sided with Great Britain, so he knew he would haveto go into the war. So, he went to enter the Air Corps, but was turned awaybecause of his back problems. Instead he went for the position on naval officerand passes the health analysis. He was assigned to the intelligence division, hethought it was very boring. Shortly after Pearl Harbor was attacked, John wassent for motor torpedo (PT boat) training4. Officer Kennedy soon becameLieutena nt Kennedy. In Tulagi, John was assigned to a dirty old looking boatthat had already been through nine months of combat. John experienced his firstreal combat when his boat was attacked by a Japanese fighter plane. Only two menwere injured that time. They continued to stay there until one night when a fullsize Japanese ship came full speed at Kennedys boat. The boat was demolishedand the Japanese thought that all of the men had been killed. All of the menwere forced to swim to Plum Pudding Island , three and one half miles away, withKennedy leading them. After his triumph he was promoted to Full Lieutenant andwas awarded the Navy and Marine Corps Medal for saving his crew. He alsoreceived a Purple Heart for the severe back injury he suffered from thecollision. After that, he took command of another PT boat and took part in manymore missions. For John one particularly bad thing happened in this war, hisbrother died. Which impacted his life so greatly. The family had expected hisbroth er Joe to run for public office. Now that he was gone, John was now theeldest son and it was now his responsibility. In 1946, he had the chance to runfor Congress. Though he was still weak from his war injuries, he campaignedaggressively. He won that election that November, he was only 295. He servedthree terms as a Democratic Congressman, from 1947 until1953. In 1952 he ran forU.S. senate against Henry Cabot Lodge. He won that election and less than a yearlater he enhanced his appeal to the people. He married Jacqueline Lee Bouvier onSeptember 12, 1953. He was a very popular and successful Senator. He had almostbecome Stevensons vice presidential running mate in 1956. His speech onconcession brought him into over 40 million homes in America. He quickly becameone of the most famous political figures in the country. Already his campaignfor 1960 nomination had begun. Kennedy had to make extreme efforts toward thiscampaign. People were saying that no Roman Catholic man could ever becom epresident. His mission was to prove them wrong. The press loved him, he and hiswife appeared on magazine covers, photographers followed them everywhere. He hadto do a number of speeches and appearances. So, to transport him and his staffaround the country, his father bought him a forty passenger Convair aircraft6. Senseless: A False Sense Of Perception Essay PaperTroops were sent to Florida to prepare for invading Cuba and air units werealerted. American vessels blockaded any Soviet ships that looked suspicious andsearched them. For several days Soviet ships avoided the quarantine zone whileKennedy and Khrushchev discussed this. On October 26th Khrushchev agreed toremove all of the missiles. Before the US could respond to that note, Krushchevsent another trying to negotiate other terms. The USSR removed and dismantledall of the mistled and offered the US an on-site inspection. Kennedy promisednot to invade Cuba and to remove missiles from Turkey. Cuba, angry at the Sovietsubmission refused the promised inspection. US spy planes revealed that themissile bases were being dismantled. Kennedy was a hero, he had avoided nuclearwar and possibly World War III. As a result of him displaying courage andstrength. On November 22, 1963, President and Mrs. Kennedy were in Dallas,Texas. They were trying t o win support from the state that Kennedy had barelycarried in 1960. AS the motorcade approached an underpass, two shots were firedin rapid succession. One bullet passed through Kennedys neck and struckGovernor Connally in the back. The other bullet hit the president in the head. His car sped to Parkland Hospital. At 1:00PM he was pronounced dead, he hadnever regained consciousness. Less then 2 hours after the shooting, on theresidential plane, Lyndon B. Johnson was sworn in as the 36th president of theUnited States. That afternoon, Lee Harvey Oswald, who was employed in thewarehouse, was arrested in a movie theatre and charged with murder. On November24 the body of President Kennedy was carried on a horse drawn carriage from theWhite House to the Rotunda of the Capitol.10 Hundreds of thousands of peoplefiled passed the coffin of the president. The grave was marked by an eternalflame that was lit by his wife and his brothers.

Marketing Plan For an Innovative New Product

Target Market The identification of a target market is important before the launch of a new product. When launching the â€Å"cyclone† brand, the target market constitutes a group of people who will be interested in buying the product (Hiam 2). Identifying the target market for the â€Å"cyclone† brand is not an easy thing, especially because the product contains many features which appeal to different market segments.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Plan For an Innovative New Product specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, in identifying the right target market for the â€Å"cyclone† product, several factors ought to be considered. First, it would be crucial to identify the demographical characteristics of the target population. The demographical characteristics would include information such as the population’s age bracket, income levels, educational background, gender an d such like factors. Secondly, it will be crucial to identify the geographical location of the intended customer group. The geographical location of a market would determine the demand for a given product. For instance, it would be useless selling jackets in a geographical location with a desert-like climate. In the same manner, certain geographical locations are known to demand certain goods and services more than others. For instance, the Puma shoe company has been known to perform well in Latin American and European countries when compared to the rest of the world (Hiam 19). Lastly, in identifying the right target market for â€Å"cyclone†, the psychographic characteristics of the population have to be considered. These psychographic elements will include the personality and behavioral traits of the target population group. The collective interests of the population group will also be included in this analysis. Comprehensively, these elements will have to be analyzed to es tablish how they complement the sale of â€Å"cyclone† products. Product Positioning Positioning a brand in the market is a critical component for market success. Its importance cannot be underestimated because brand positioning is more than the product’s sales. In fact, product positioning is a promise to the customers to explain how the product fulfills their needs (through the elements it guarantees them) (Hiam 23). To establish an effective brand position strategy for Cyclone, it would be crucial to determine the core values of the brand. For instance, it will be crucial to establish if the brand thrives because of excellent quality or good pricing. Once these values are determined, pursuing the same values in the market will amount to a good brand positioning strategy.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More IMC Campaign In coming up with the best IMC plan for â⠂¬Å"cyclone†, several factors need to be considered. First, a thorough promotion opportunity analysis should be done to establish the competitive analysis, opportunity analysis, target market analysis and customer analysis of the brand. From this point, corporate strategies should be formulated. The corporate strategies include corporate image strategies, brand development strategies, brand positioning strategies, distribution strategies, business-to-business strategies, public relations strategies, and evaluation strategies. The last process of developing an IMC campaign will be to identify an integrated market communications strategy plan. This plan includes coming up with a set of objectives for the IMC plan and a budget to achieve the intended objectives of the IMC plan. The first objective will be centered on consumer needs and requirements while the second objective will be centered on determining the product’s distribution channel. The last objective of the plan will be centered on determining the right business-to-business strategy (Hiam 53). Price Determination Determining the right price for the â€Å"cyclone† product depends on several strategies. For instance, the distribution channel of the product is bound to determine the overall price of the product because longer distribution channels are bound to command high prices and short distribution channels amount to low prices. However, the â€Å"cyclone† brand will be produced with a high-end market in mind. To keep the prices affordable for a wider consumer group, a shorter distribution channel will be chosen. Also, the price of the â€Å"cyclone† product will be determined by the cost of production and the price of substitute and complementary products in the market. Obviously, the price of the product cannot be sold less than the opportunity cost and therefore, the product will be priced higher than the product cost. This cost will be compounded with the productâ €™s distribution cost, to come up with a reasonable mark-up price for the product. The price of substitute and complementary products will also determine the price of the â€Å"cyclone† product. If the price of substitute products will be low, the price of cyclone will also have to be comparatively low. The same is also true if the price of the substitute product is high because if the price of the substitute product is high, it will be easy to sell the product at a reasonably high price since there will be minimal price competition (Hiam 23).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Plan For an Innovative New Product specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More CRM System Designing an effective CRM system will have to be done with the customers in mind. This strategy is crucial because customer feedback will be important in developing future product improvement strategies. The provision of customer service thro ugh the CRM system will also be done with a keen emphasis on the medium for service offing. Customer development will be achieved if the CRM is designed to have a feedback mechanism where customers can communicate with the company and inform them of any areas where customer development can be improved. The internet can be an effective tool in ensuring the goals of the above strategies are realized (Hiam 2). Works Cited Hiam, Alexander. Marketing for Dummies. New York: For Dummies, 2009. Print. This essay on Marketing Plan For an Innovative New Product was written and submitted by user Anya Kirby to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Write IEP Goals for Healthy Student Work Habits

Write IEP Goals for Healthy Student Work Habits When a student in your class is the subject of an Individual Education Plan (IEP), you will be called upon to join a team that will write goals for him or her. These goals are important, as the students performance will be measured against them for the remainder of the IEP period and their success can determine the kinds of supports the school will provide.   SMART Goals For educators, its important to remember that IEP goals should be SMART. That is, they should be Specific, Measurable, use Action words, be Realistic and theyre Time-limited. Here are some ways to think about goals for children with poor work habits. You know this child.  She or he has trouble completing written work, seems to drift away during oral lessons, and may get up to socialize while children are working independently. Where do you start setting the goals that will support her or him and make them a better student? Executive Functioning Goals If a student has a disability such as ADD or ADHD, concentration and staying on task wont come easily. Children with these issues often have difficulty sustaining good work habits. Deficits such as this are known as executive functioning delays. Executive functioning includes basic organizational skill and responsibility. The purpose of goals in executive functioning is to help the student keep track of homework and  assignment due dates, remember to  turn in assignments and homework, remember to bring home (or return) books and materials. These  organizational skills lead to tools to manage his daily life.   When developing IEPs for students who need help with their work habits, it is important to remember to key in on a few specific areas. Changing one behavior at a time is much easier than focusing on too many, which will be overwhelming for the student. Sample Behavioral Goals Focus attention with minimal supervision or intervention.Refrain from distracting others.Listen when directions and instructions are given.Identify what is needed each work period and each day for homework.Be prepared for assignments.Take the time to do things right the first time.  Think things out on your own before asking.Try things independently without giving up.Work independently as much as possible.Apply successful strategies when involved in problem-solving.Be able to re-state problems, instructions, and directions to help with understanding the task at hand.Take responsibility for all work being done.Participate fully in group situations or when called upon.Be responsible for self and belongings.Remain positive when working with others.Cooperate in both large and small group settings.Be considerate of the opinions of others.Seek positive solutions for any conflicts that may arise.Always follow the routines and rules. Use these prompts to craft SMART goals. That is, they should be achievable and measurable and have a time component. For example, for the child who struggles with paying attention, this goal incorporates specific behaviors, is actionable, measurable, time-bound, and realistic:   The student will attend (sit still with eyes on the teacher, keeping their hands to themselves, using a quiet voice) to a task during large and small group instruction for a ten-minute period, with no more than one teacher prompt in four out of five trials, to be measured by the teacher. When you think about it, many of the work habits lead to good skills for life habits. Work on one or two at a time, obtaining success before moving to another habit.

Anazlyzing George Bush's speech Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Anazlyzing George Bush's speech - Case Study Example He also uses pathos to evoke the feeling of sympathy from his audience when he says â€Å"Sadam Hussein has placed Iraqi troop and equipment in civilian areas attempting to use innocent men, women and children as shield for his own military- a final atrocity against his own people.† The audience cannot avoid feeling sorry for the Iraqi citizens and supporting the course of the United States army. Bush cleverly woos the support of the audience by asserting that the main objective of America is to ensure peace and liberate the people of Iraq. He also uses ethos effectively, deriving the credibility of his status as the president of the most powerful nation of the world. He gets people to believe that the war in Iraq is nothing but over with the United States registering victory. Bush also uses logic fallacy, when he created an impression that the war against Sadam Hussein was over when the reality was that he was diverting attention from ailing economy of the United

Performance Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Performance Management - Essay Example With the help of this system a company motivates its employees to delivery good performance. Retail sales associate are very important part of retail business. They directly interact with the customers and contribute a lot in satisfying them. Sale of a retail company highly depends on the behavior and approaches of its sales associate. Performance of retail sales associates is influenced by their skills. Job description of a retail sales associate helps the business in hiring desirable salespersons. The theory of organizational behavior modification (OBM) involves with changing behavior of the organizational members and their performances. This theory considers two important things which influence the performance of the employees. As per this theory a behavior which produces positive effects or consequence tends to become repeated. The organizational members become motivated to perform that specific type of behavior which helps them to get some positive results. Another thing which influences the performance of the employees is the behavior of the seniors towards them. The senior organizational members like managers, team leaders can change or influence the behavior of the employees by giving punishment or rewards to them. In the retail business for delivering successful job, sales associate needs to have some key behaviors which help them in achieving the goals and objectives of the business. These key behavioral factors are as follows: Confidence: The sales associate needs to very confident for performing their job. Sales associates need to interact with the customers directly. If they are confident about what they are saying and about their knowledge then they can convince the customers easily. It is easy for the sales associate to influence the customers with their high confidence level. Customers tend to trust the sales associate who are confident about themselves. The company can modify the confidence level of its sales associates by giving

Family Business in India Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 9250 words

Family Business in India - Coursework Example India being a country with people who has rich shared values and communication within the family, will ever like to allow such family feuds. This is the prime area of the current research to identify the attitude and circumstances with family firms after the reported major family feuds. Hence the study has considered a case analysis as well as quantitative analysis to identify the factors aided for such feuds as well to observe the trend in the remaining family firms. The study was conducted with the family firms who are in first, second and third generation of transition. Very few cases include successors after 4th and 5th generation also. The study found a remarkable preparedness among the family firms with high professionalism and education. More than half percentage of the studied family firms is executing the succession plan, by training and communicating the succession plan with the successors. Though a minor part of the study group exhibited conflict and sibling rivalry, still they feel the need for a smooth succession plan. The remaining considerable amount of study group is in the stage of preparation of succession plans. The study found that education and communication are directly influencing the preparedness of the successors. With this knowledge, the r esearch found out that Indian firms are acknowledging the need for succession planning and are developing preparedness for succession management. Introduction: Most of the Indian Economy is amassed from the Family businesses. It is estimated that 95 per cent of the registered firms are family businesses. The success of these Family firms has attained from the rich family culture and values nourished through out generations.Family business is a dominant organization form worldwide. According to Steven family is not only a viable factor of economy, but is in many ways its the exemplary form of business. He writes: "The family business is being rediscovered as the embodiment of management practices and business values needed to help the nation's industries regain their competitive edge" (I991).1 Though there are many papers observed the scenario in the past, the current trend is to be observed with variable factors involved in causing the trend. Most family businesses, though relatively small in scale, involve highly complex interrelationships between two analytically separate but inextricably linked social systems: the family and the business. (Lansberg, 1983)2. In the recent times, the globalization factor made it to many Family businesses to attract many Foreign Investments. And the recent Industrial scenario in India presents some cases where the Family

The Relationship Between Grammar And Language English Language Essay

The Relationship Between Grammar And Language English Language Essay The relationship between grammar and language helps in understanding the Chomskian principle of transformational grammar. David W. Carroll views grammar as a description of a persons linguistic knowledge. Language is considered to be an infinite set of well formulated sentences and it can be deduced by grammar, like that of mathematics or logic. Hence grammars are the theories of language composed of hypotheses of the structure of some part of the language. Chomsky suggests three criteria about the theory of language. First criterion is known as observational adequacy. It is applied in several levels of language in which grammar defines, what is and what is not an acceptable sequence in the language. At the other level grammar should have rules that generate grammatical sentence. The second criterion is the descriptive adequacy which indicates that grammar specifies the sequence in a language. Grammar should also explain how it relates with sentences which have the same or opposite meaning .The third criterion is the explanatory adequacy. Chomsky views that it is theoretically possible for a number of grammars, all based on different principles to attain the other two forms of adequacy and determines that the best descriptively adequate grammar pertains to the language acquisition in children. He suggests that the child learning a language is presented with samples of the language and must determine the grammar from the samples. Chomsky notes that children choose one particular grammar from the incoming data consistent with a number of grammars. Hence this implies that there are certain innate language constraints enable the child to deduce the correct grammar. The final level of adequacy goes beyond the ability to explain to describe patterns in a particular language; instead, it involves the ability to explain the role of linguistic universals in language acquisition. These theories played a significant role in the development of linguistic theories. Chomsky initially developed transformational grammar because of the descriptive inadequacy of grammar based on phrase structure rules. In transformational grammar, the insight that sentences have more than one level of structure is captured in the distinction between deep structure and surface structure. These are both tree structures, which differ in emphasis. Deep structure is considered as the underlying structure of the sentence that conveys the meaning of a sentence. Deep structures are the output of the phrase structure rules and lexical rules; transformations operate on these and gave rise to the surface structure. Surface structure refers to the superficial arrangement of the constituents and reflects the order in which the words are pronounced. David Carrol refers to three arguments regarding the usefulness of the distinction by considering the following sentence as an example. Ex: Flying planes can be dangerous. The ambiguity in this sentence is called deep-structure as it may be paraphrased as, The act of flying planes can be dangerous or Planes that are flying can be dangerous. This type of ambiguity comes from a single surface structure that is derived from two distinct deep structures. The second reason for the distinction is that some pairs of sentences are similar in their phrase structure but not in their underlying structure. Ex: John is easy to please. (2) John is eager to please. (3) The above sentences, when paraphrased reveal their dissimilarity even though they are apparently similar. John is the object of the deep structure in (2) and the deep structure subject (3). The next set of sentences in active and passive voice is distinct in their surface arrangement but similar in their deep structure. Ex: Arlene played the tuba. (active) The tuba was played by Arlene. (passive) So the active and the passive sentences are considered as two manifestation of the same deep structure. These grammatical relationships posit a second level of structure with a new set of rules called transformational rules. The entire deviation of a sentence is known to be a two part process in transformational grammar. In phrase structure the assumed largest syntactic unit, the sentence is progressively expanded by the application of rules into strings of smaller units, terminating with a combination of lexical items and grammatical elements. The phrase structure is explained with labeled tree diagrams and they are said to be inadequate for a full structural exposition. Therefore phrase structure is incapable of explaining the open ended creativity of a natural language. Upon the output of the phrase structure rules transformation rules are applied. These transformational rules involve not the division of the sentences or its parts into smaller parts, but, the alteration or rearrangement of a structure in various ways. Transformation also reflects parts of the speakers intuitive awareness of relations between sentences of different basic types. The associations of active and passive sentences , positive and negative sentences and statements, commands, and questions rests on native speakers recognition of their semantic relatedness, which is expressed by the relatedness of grammatical structure. The phrase structure rules are said to be useful in generating the underlying tree structure which is referred to as deep structures and secondly a sequence of transformational rules is applied to deep structure and the intermediate structures, ultimately generating the surface structure of the sentence. The transformations apply to the entire strings of constituents where as phrase structure rules apply to only one constituent at a time. These transformations are done by adding, deleting or moving the constituents. David Carroll gives a few transformations and explains how they work. One such transformation is called the particle -movement transformation. From the following two sentences know that they mean the same thing: EX: John phoned up the woman. (4) John phoned the woman up. (5) Here the concern is with the placement of the particle up; in these sentences, the particle may occur either just before or just after the noun phrase. Accordingly, we might write two different phrase structure rules for the two instances, the first might write two different phrase structure rules for the two instances, the first conforming to (PS) VP Æ’Â   V + (part) +NP And the second to (PS) VP Æ’Â   V + NP + (part) The problem with this approach is that it lacks descriptive adequacyit does not reveal the similarity of the two sentences. In this approach, the two sentences are derived from two different phase-structure rules. An alternative approach is to assume that the two sentences have the same deep structure and to apply the particle- movement transformation to (4). The transformational rule looks like this: (T1) V + part + NP Æ’Â   V + NP + part It can be noticed that the transformational rule simply moves the last two constituents of the verb phrase. Phrase -structure rules rewrite one constituent into a series of constituents but transformational rules begin with a series of the constituents and transform them. Then he goes on to explain it considering the following sentences: John phoned up the interesting woman. (6) John phoned the interesting woman up. (7) John phoned up the woman with the curly hair. (8) John phoned the woman with the curly hair up. (9) In each case the particle is shifted around the entire NPtwo words in (5), three in (7), and six in (9). The particle movement is defined in terms of constituents, not words. This condition gives transformational grammar tremendous power to apply to an infinite no of NPs. Instead of stating the number of words which varies from sentence to sentence, it is stated that in terms of grammatical structure it is known as structure dependent. One final property of transformational rules is that it may be blocked under certain circumstances. For example, the particle movement transformation does not work with pronouns: (35) John called them up. (36) *John called up them. These restrictions and transformations would be specified in the description of the rule. The rule would operate under specified conditions but would be blocked when these conditions did not apply. The earliest work shows the inadequacy of context free grammar for the analysis of natural languages. In the 1960s, transformational grammarians concentrated on the relationship between syntax and semantics. Transformational grammar explains certain aspects of language such as deep-structure ambiguity and the limitations of the phrase-structure rules. Transformational grammar has evolved over the decades and there were many changes and alternative approaches that gave rise to other new theories on transformation. The influence of Chomskys revolutionary theories on linguistics and his contributions like Syntactic Structures, Aspects of the theory of syntax, stands out as the most significant development which led to the beginning of various other transformations in grammar and linguistics.

Free Tempest Essays: Treacheries and Rebellions :: Tempest essays

  Treacheries and Rebellions is The Tempest  Ã‚   The Tempest consists of â€Å"a series of rebellion, treacheries, mutinies and conspiracies against authority† but the overall view of the dramatic action is much more complex. Many other aspects and themes such as illusion and the supernatural (magic) also play a very important part in shaping the plot. Power struggle is evident from the beginning, way back when Prospero’s brother, Antonio, seized his status as Duke of Milan and banished him to a barren place and left for dead. â€Å"In scene 2.1, pg 141, Sebastian remarks, â€Å"I remember/You did supplant your brother Prospero.† And Antonio replies, â€Å"True;/ And look how well my garment sit upon me,†. Antonio betrayed Prospero, and yet he feels no remorse for his treacherous act: ‘I feel not/ This deity in my bosom†, his conscience is not bothered by what he did to Prospero. Another sibling conspiracy in the play came in Act II when Sebastian is encouraged by Antonio to kill his brother , Alonso, which would put him next in line for the throne but first, they attempted to kill Gonzalo, the Alonso’s faithful advisor. Scene 2.1, pg â€Å"Draw together,/and when I rear my hand do you the like/TO fall it (the sword) on Gonzalo.† Their evil plot is interrupted and plans ruined as Ariel wakes the sleeping party (Alonso and Gonzalo). But perhaps the most prominent resistance against authority comes from Caliban, the slave of Prospero who feels that the island is rightfully his, â€Å"The island’s mine by Sycorax my mother,†. He goes on to state that Prospero â€Å"tak’st from me.† In order to regain or gain his rulership, Caliban plots with Trinculo and Stephano to kill Prospero and take over the island. Act 3, scene I, pg 160 â€Å"Why, as I told thee, ‘tis a custom with him I’ th’ afternoon to sleep. There thou mayst brain him Having fisrt seized his books; or with a log Batter his skull, or paunch him with a stake Or cut his weasand with thy knife.†    An important factor in authority struggle is the illusion of authority, who is ultimately in charge? Illusion of authority becomes evident from the start when the boatswain speaks to the king in the storm; â€Å"What cares these roarers for the name of king?†¦if you can command there elements to silence, and work the peace of the present, we will not hand a rope more—use your authority.

Color and Psychological Functioning: The Effect of Red Essay

INTRODUCTION The research is conducted to study whether or not the color influence arousal. Color is everywhere. Everyone encounters different colors everyday. Our perceptual experiences are greatly affected by the different colors surrounding us. Past studies have reported that color do affect our physics, physiology and psychology but there is a scarcity of literature regarding color perception and its effects on our psychological functioning (Fehrman & Fehrman, 2004; Whitfield & Wiltshire, 1990). Only few studies have been done earlier to support this hypothesis that red color has negative affect on performance. Elliote et al. (2007) hypothesized that red color impair performance because it evokes avoidance motivation. Different studies have focused on effect of color on performance achievement and the positive role of color in achieving high performance. Some studies have reported the influence of red color on psychological performance. Researchers have been trying to find out those colors that would achieve high performance and improve learning capability among students. According to Goldstein (1942) our body interacts with different colors and reacts, which is manifested in our psychological functioning. He proposed the idea that few colors are disagreeable for human perception and hence when we perceive them their outcomes negate our performance. Similarly, some colors are agreeable and have positive impact on our performance. Those with longer wavelength are arousing (red) and have negative impact on our performance while those with shorter wavelength (neutral) are cooling and calming and have positive impact on our performance. Audio and visual stimuli increases blood flow in cerebral cortex has been used as an affordable technique for different kind of diseases (Othmer, 2004). Whatever the stimulant be, arousal is a factor that attracts and alerts the brain. Arousal from music can have varying impact. Music that is fast arouses brain function while classical music may have just the opposite affect. Rock music is arousal while classic music is calming. Studies have reported that audio-visual entertainment can be used as stimulant for brain to work actively (Othmer, 2004). Arousal is an important part of our brain functioning. Brain’s cortical arousal is said to be directly correlated with the improved performance and determine how well brain can perform. In too much excitement brain releases alpha or theta and hence to pay attention on any job is not possible. One study has shown that rock music can reduce hyperactivity (Cripe, 1986). Purpose of the study is to determine whether high visual or audio arousal affects person’s capability of answering questions of SAT passage. The rationale is to find out the affect of visual and audio arousal on psychological functioning of mind during the process of deep thinking and understanding. Hypothesis Red color has high visual arousal and can impair person’s thinking process and delay their responses to answer questions of SAT passage. Method Participants Fourteen (6 male and 8 female) UCLA undergraduates participated in the experiment as a requirement to complete the class. Participants was restricted to any individual who were native English speakers, did not have a language related disability, and were not red colorblind. The mean age of participants was 23 years old with a range of 20-25 years. Materials The stimuli used in this experiment were four package of Standardized Test (SAT) question, two stop watch, two copies of instruction, two speaker and two separated rooms. Each package has 8 SAT ‘fill in the blank’ questions with same level of difficulty. We are having 16 different packages with different reading passage but the same level of difficulty. The questions were taken from the SAT preparation by Barron’s Verbal Section. We divided participants randomly into four different groups. Each group consist 4 participants and each participant will experience the same set of question but in different order. This will prevent the order effect. There are four different sets of order used in this experiment. There are Punk music – red color, Classical music – red color, Punk music – neutral color, Classical music – neutral color Eight of them are with the classical music and eight of them are with rock music. For visual arousals we also test with the red and neutral color. Eight of them are with red color and eight of them with neutral color. After sometime each group will be exposed to one condition one by one.   Group 1 will be exposed to Audio (rock), Group 2 to Audio (classic), Group 3 to red color and Group 4 to white color. The group that were exposed to rock music while the remaining two groups were exposed to red color and then asked to answer another list of questions from the SAT passage. Procedure This experiment is 2X2 within-subject experiment. Participants were assigned to all of the four with within-subject experimental conditions: the Punk-Red, Punk-White, Classical-Red and Classical-White. Anagram performance served as the dependent measure. The general ability is the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) score. Balanced latin square is used in order to avoid specific items effect and order effect. Therefore, in each group they will not be exposed to the same things.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Participants tested individually by an experimenter for blindness. Participants were randomly assigned to the experimenters in this and all subsequent experiments were aware that color played a role in the experiment, but they remained unaware of the color hypotheses throughout the data collection process. Participants are divided into four groups with 4 individuals per group. Each participant will be offered to do questions under normal environmental condition.   Balanced Latin square setup will be used to determine which set of experiments will be used for each group participants. Two groups were to be selected for color arousal and two for music arousal. All the participants in the 4 groups were offered to solve questions from SAT passage while time for each participant was noted. After sometime two groups were exposed to rock music while the remaining two groups were exposed to red color and then asked to answer another list of questions from the SAT passage. Subjects of Audio arousal (Rock vs. Classical music) Good hearing capability No reading and writing disability All were native English speakers Subjects of Visual Arousal (Red and White color) None were color blind No reading or writing disability All were native English speakers    Participants Punk-Red Punk-White Classical-Red Classical-White   Design This experiment was conducted 2X2 within subjects design experiment so each participant experienced both level of variation with the experiment. This experiment deals with two-way design with two level of variable. There are two variable in this experiment; independent variable and dependent variable. The first independent variable (IV) has two levels. We will be judging audio arousal at two level : high and low. We operationally define this as classical music versus rock music. Our second independent variable is visual stimulation. We define visual stimulation as a color that evokes urgency versus one that is neutral (i.e. red vs. white). The control of this experiment is the difficulty of the question, length of the syllable, time, font size of the words, sample, response type, and presentation style, question order and the presentation style. We also control it by making the balance latin square. The balance latin square is used therefore we can conclude that this test is within subject test two way but two levels and the variable manipulated is the level of arousal. Results A factorial design (color condition: red vs. white) and (audio condition: punk vs. classical) within subject ANOVA was conducted on analogy performance. The result were as follow: Punk White: M 5.21, SD = 1.477; Punk Red : M = 5.00, SD = 1.177; Classical White : M = 5.14, SD = 1.748 ; Classical Red : M = 4.64, SD = 1.64. The analysis revealed an effect of premanipulation analogy performance on analogy performance, F (1,13)   = 0.511 The result indicate there are no main effect and no interaction. Our studies show that rock music and red color is arousal and does distract person’s attention to perform particular work. However, the impact of red color is not as extensive as rock music. There was statistically significant difference between the results produced under control condition and rock music arousal. The answers produced during rock music arousal were not correct or either left blank because of arousal and distraction created by the music. Participants with white background color white threat performed significantly better compared to red color. Participants with punk music performed better compared to classical. PW > CW  Ã‚   and PR > CR PW > PR  Ã‚  Ã‚   and CW > CR Discussion Small discrepancies in the results and experiment might have affected our results. Our predictions were made solely on the basis of previous studies. However, current results due to several reasons. Those who were exposed to classical music deviated and their attention was grasped in listening music, hence they performed poorly on the test. Due to the reason that they were not able to concentrate on reading the passage as music was on. However, punk music didn’t grasp their attention as classical music, hence, their performance was better while they were hearing punk music. In order to make it better we believe next time we should have be a better research protocols. We need to have a better stimulation and prediction of another variable such as the confounding variable, internal validity and the other. It might be because of the confusion created while answering questions or because questions were not well ordered. Some had similar pattern and some have different pattern. Some of the questions have one fill in the blank and some have two fill in the blanks. One variable like color of the paper itself is a variable and can affect performance and create confusion. We also have a problem with the internal validity with the visual stimulation. There are two level of problem in this case. The first one is the sound of the music. We didn’t have a standard for the sound, about the loudness (how loud we want). For e.g. when we played punk music, we played it too loud but when we played classical music, it was not as loud as the punk therefore we believe some variations in the result were due to lack of internal validity. One more thing that can affect our experiment results is that punk music has lyrics and the classical didn’t have any lyrics at all. Some of the participants when they came out from the punk-music room with lyrics and enter the classical-music room with no lyrics, the participants psychologically will be wondering about the lyrics. Some of the participants can study or concentrate with lyrics and some of them cannot. Mostly with lyrics music ‘on’ it is harder to answer the questions because our brain function is divided into two. It is hard to focus for two things. Results with the red color show worst performance, hence, when punk-music and red color both were used, the performance was worst of all other group sets. The reason for this is evident that it is harder to concentrate with such variables that deviate concentration and we tend to focus more on the music than on the questions itself. The frequency also gives a high effect on this. There are low frequency and high frequency of sound in music. Color, have a wavelength. Red, have a high wavelength. For example: Red has higher wave length then blue. If we add up a variety of different color wavelength we are going to have white. The tone that we get is analog to the white. Color Red is said to be arousal itself. Red color taken was similar to that of blood or heart. It’s a classic in nature. Red is used as a sign of danger, in normal day-to-day life red means to stop or it’s dangerous to continue after that. Color red is considered as sign of bad. A graph shows arousal in inverted U shape. It means that initially the level is low then it gains peak and goes high and then back to low again. Other errors occurred were that data was not collected accurately and the sample was small not big. Do you want this below paragraph must be incorporated in the discussion? Reference Fehrman, K. R., & Fehrman, C. (2004). Color: The secret influence (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Goldstein, K. (1942). Some experimental observations concerning the influence of colors on the function of the organism. Occupational Therapy and Rehabilitation, 21, 147–151. Othmer, Siegfried (2004) Applying Audio-Visual Entrainment Technology for Attention and Learning (Part3). Retrieved from http://www.eeginfo.com/newsletter/archive_files/822106688_article_3.pdf Whitfield, T. W., & Wiltshire, T. J. (1990). Color psychology: A critical review. Genetic, Social and General Psychology Monographs, 116,387–412. Elliot, Andrew J., Maier, Markus A., Moller, Arlen C. and Friedman, Ron., Meinhardt, Jo ¨rg (2007). Color and Psychological Functioning: The Effect of Red on Performance Attainment. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 2007, Vol. 136, No. 1, 154–168

Fidelity To Truth Essay

TRUTH is an idea or thought analogous to knowledge. Thus, â€Å"knowledge of truth† leads us to consider the meaning of two words: knowledge and truth. Knowledge gives us rational and conceptual image and an accurate reflection of the true state of things as they really exist. While, truth is a state of mind free of error which entails a truthful image of things in existence. Moreover, truth encompasses the fact that it conveys universality and it is constant. Hence, truth does not vary – it is a piece of unalterable reality. Through the article presented, I have learned that the answer to what is true for you always exists at the core of who you are, if you give yourself the space and time to listen. When you are being true to yourself, you are completely honest with what you feel, deeply value, and desire. It also means communicating your feelings wholeheartedly both with yourself and others, allowing your truth to flow through you and into the world. Furthermore, I have learned that to know the truth for oneself, you need to cultivate a deep and trusting relationship with yourself. Eventually, this begins with awareness of your thoughts, as well as awareness of your whole-body experience and how you interact with the world each day. Feelings of openness, expansion, inner joy and freedom are good signs that you are on the right path. Moreover, I have also learned that if you are not being true to yourself, it may show up through feelings of contraction and tension, unease, disconnection, resignation, emptiness, discontentment, or a lack of fulfillment. It is said that the truth will always come out in the end and it may take some longer than others to determine his or her accurate outlook of what he/she perceives to be truth. Above all, the most important thing to be treasure is – †pretending to be someone your not is a waste of the person you are. † MinSCAT plants Responsibility I NVOLVEMENT C OMMITMENT E XCELLENCE â€Å"WE ARE BORN TO BE TRUE NOT TO BE PERFECT. †

We were given 5 solutions Essay Example

We were given 5 solutions Essay Example We were given 5 solutions Essay We were given 5 solutions Essay We were given 5 solutions labelled A, B, C, D and E. We were told that there was a reducing sugar, starch, non-reducing sugar, lipid and protein. My aim was to carry out some standard tests on these solutions and identify them as appropriate.MethodI will perform a standard test on each solution until they prove conclusive upon which I will move to the next solution. The tests are dteialed below and it is the order I followed on each solution.Background to Test 1: Reducing Sugar TestAll monosaccharides and some disaccharides are reducing sugars. The test for a reducing sugar is known as the Benedicts test. When a reducing sugar is heated with an alkaline solution of copper II sulphate it forms an insoluble precipitate of copper I oxide. The colour of the precipitate changes from green through yellow, orange and brown to deep red, depending on the quantity of reducing sugar present.Test 1* Put 1cm3 of test solution in test tube* Add 1 cm3 of Benedicts solution* Place in water bath for 5 minutes* Record any colour changeBackground to Test 2: Non-Reducing Sugar TestThere is no direct test for a non reducing sugar, but they can be identified by first hydrolising them with a dilute acid and then detecting the resulting reducing sugars by the Benedicts test. (This is why I have this test at number 2, so I automatically perform this after Test 1)Test 2* Follow as above and note that there was NO colour change* Add 1cm3 of HCL* Neutralise by adding a few drops of NaOH* Add 1cm3 of Benedicts solution* Heat in water bath* Record any colour changeBackground to Test 3: StarchStarch is easily detected by its ability to turn iodine in potassium iodide solution from a yellow colour to blue-black. The colouration is due to the iodine molecules becoming fixed in the centre of the helix of each starch molecule. It is important to do the test in room temperature as high temperature cause the starch helix to unwind which releases the iodine and assumes its usual yellow colouration. Test 3* Take a couple of drops of test solution and put in spotting tile* Add a few drops of iodine* Record any colour changeBackground to Test 4: LipidsThe test for lipids is known as the emulsion test. Ethanol reacts with the sample. To make sure the lipid dissolves in the sample it needs to be shaken. Water is then added. A cloudy white colour is the presence of a lipid. The cloudy colour is due to any lipid in the sample being finely dispersed in the water to form an emulsion. Light passing through this emulsion is refracted as it passes from oil droplets to water droplets, making it appear cloudy.Test 4* Put 1cm3 of test solution in test tube* Add a few drops of ethanol* Shake and water* Record any colour changeBackground to Test 5: ProteinsThe most reliable protein test is the Biuret test, which detects peptide links. First to a sample of the solution add an equal volume of sodium hydroxide. Secondly, add a few drops of very dilute (0.05%) copper II sulphate solution and mix g ently. A purple colouration indicates the presence of peptide bonds and hence a protein.Test 5* Put 1cm3 of test solution in test tube* Add biuret solution* Record colour changeResults TableSolutionReducing SugarNon-Reducing SugarStarchLipidProteinAPurple XBBrown XCCloudy XDBlack XEBrown XConclusionI performed the tests as described in numerical order. If for example a test proved positive on Test 2, then I did not carry on with Test 3 and so on. My results are show above, it shows that solution A was a protein, solution B was a reducing sugar, solution C was a lipid, solution D was a starch and solution E was a non-reducing sugar.

Quote Expansions Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Quote Expansions - Coursework Example at social movements engaged in resistance fail to give a clear picture of what the reality is concerning issues of violence against homosexuals or women. Dean states that whatever is taught at school under patriotic narrative is erroneous because it states that the law is an answer to all problems related to racial and sexist problems because it has created a fair and neutral America. Spade shows that this narrative is wrong because if it were true, the US should not experience issues of inequality or violence against sexual minorities such as lesbians and gays (Spade 21). The author supports this by stating that resistant political theorists and social movements show the concept of state violence through exposing the fact that the entities that are supposed to protect minority groups such as gays and women have failed to do so showing that the state is not the ideal place where people should look for protection (Spade 21). In agreement with Spade, it is indeed true that looking at institutions and the possession of power is a narrow view could be detrimental towards understanding significant issues in the society. While it is true that the state can contribute towards the lessening of violence and discrimination against sexual and gender minorities through formulation and implementation of laws, state and the laws as institutions could be the same places where violence erupts. For example, in Dual Dualisms by Fausto-Sterling, the author addresses issues of male or female and how the International Olympics Committee (IOC) deconstructed this in the 1960s. Focusing on testing of athletes, she states, â€Å"In part, IOC rules reflect cold war political anxieties: during the 1968 Olympics, for instance, the IOC instituted ‘‘scientific’’ sex testing in response to rumors that some Eastern European competitors were trying to win glory for the Communist cause by cheating—having men masquerade as women to gain unfair advantage† (Fausto-Sterling 2). Here, the

What Is An Entrepreneurship All about, How to Be a Leader Assignment

What Is An Entrepreneurship All about, How to Be a Leader - Assignment Example Entrepreneurial implies that an individual must display the ideal knowledge to operate a company. In my case, I have displayed a tendency to make strategic decision. For instance, I use my time to study efficiently, which involves subdividing my time in order to understand how to allocate equal time to the subjects I took. During my time in the university, I did some community work managing the community center. During my time as an operations manager, I managed to ensure my subordinates worked efficiently, which meant subdividing the workload between the subordinates. Another important factor during my time in the community center was being prompt to work in order to create a work schedule which would ensure all the work for the day was accomplished. In some cases, I had to pitch in on the tasks in order to cover for workers who may were unwell to report for work (Kleiman, 2010). Such factors were important in order to ensure that the community center operated efficiently; hence, de monstrating my entrepreneurial qualities. In terms of being entrepreneurial, I will be able to make decisions promptly, which will not put the company in jeopardy. I am an efficient worker, which ensures that I am very reliable in relation to accomplishing tasks quickly and with the expected quality and high standard of the company (Kotter, 2002). I can operate independently without the need for supervision, which is a quality that entrepreneurs possess. This means that I can work independently, but not in a manner that suggests I cannot work in a team. Another aspect of my character is my ability to coordinate individuals.

How to use modern technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

How to use modern technology - Essay Example These young minds must therefore, be educated through events or activities on the benefits of modern technology. Consequently children equipped with knowledge on modern technology will provide a stable future for the country. Use of technology is central to the philosophy of developing a system equipped for the future and, to that end all children must have access to tools that form part of the fabric of their everyday lives. Technology is a tool, not a subject (Verma 78). Digital cameras have dramatically changed the way we take photographs. By suing cameras during the modern technology week fair children will be able to take photographs and later write projects and add pictures into them. In the process off this activity students get to know more about their community its surroundings and local people. In addition to this, they will also be gaining knowledge about modern technology as they handle the digital camera. In the event, a multicultural activity may be used to teach childr en about their community and also the use of modern technology. Multicultural education includes teaching children about their own culture and their ethnic heritage. It means exposing children to other diverse culture and helping them be comfortable with and respect all the ways in which people appear different to each other. This may be achieved by teaching the children how to relate to one another and how to play fairly. This encourages children to notice and think about fairness and challenges them to do something about the unfairness towards people they perceive in their world. Through activities like photography and use of other modern technological equipment children will get to intermingle with other people in society who come from different ethnic groups. This will help create a rapport as kids share the equipment and also put in efforts to attain set objectives of the modern technological event (Verma 78). Another activity in the modern technology fair includes the designin g of a community library. Emerging multi-ethnic populations in many communities and the increasingly urgently need for literacy and information technology skills call for a change in the design of library buildings(Verma 75).Libraries could become key communication centers, for mobile populations and their design will need to reflect the different levels and layers of entry or different temporal zones. Young people in this event get actively involved in the design of the service that would benefit hem in future. Through voicing their ideas by drawing or art or photography or in question and answer segment in the event, valuable information will be acquired of how to run a community library. Movies and short films may be aired in the event. During the event short films may be aired to be viewed by the children. Short films and movies offer the most visual and engaging learning tool for today’s children. This technology enhances the curriculum children are taught at school. On the spot, teachers can show video clips about almost any topic mainly those relating to the

Sir Richard Hawkins Essay Example for Free

Sir Richard Hawkins Essay Sir Richard Hawkins was an explorer, soldier and privateer. He followed in his father footsteps and became a well-respected mariner. He explored his whole live and never stopped looking for adventure out on the open see. We began with his live on land, then his maritime days and last end up at why he was such an important explorer and sea farer. Sir Richard Hawkins life began in Plymouth around 1562 to Katherine and John Hawkins. His dad was a famous Elizabethan explorer. Richard Hawkins never went to school. He grew up in the company of many mariners, including his father, William Hawkins, his uncle and Sir Walter Raleigh, learning about the sea and its trade. When he was 22 he went on his first voyages with his uncle, William, to Brazil. This was the start of Richards Hawkins expeditions and life on see. Richard Hawkins married Judith (Dame) Hele and had 6 children. The first, born in Deptford in 1592 was Judith, and then came Margret in 1603, John in1604, Richard, Johan 1607 and Mary. He bought the house and manor of Poole and Slapton located between Dartmouth and Start Point. This is where you spent the years of 1603 to 1605 writing a book called â€Å"Observations on His Voyage into the South Seas, AD 1593†. Richard at the age of 58 he continued his need for adventure by leading and expedition to the Mediterranean against the Barbary or North African pirates. Richard died on April 17, 1622 at the age of 60 in Slapton England. Richard Hawkins had many adventures at sea and continued to for as long as he lived. While on his trip to Brazil with his uncle, he captained one ship and was second command of another. They arrived back in Plymouth in November of 1582 with a bounty of around 8000.000 crowns. His next captaining job was of the Duck which carried of 240 guns of Spain’s and forced Spain to concentrate on strengthening their colonies defense. 2 years later he was captain his own ship called the Swallow, which he led against the Spanish Armada along with lending two more of his own ships. This was a battle lead by the Spanish against the British because of the protestant rule of Elizabeth I and piracies by British ships against the Spanish trade. It is said that Richard’s ship was the most damage. In 1590 Richard sailed with his father, who commanded a fleet of 6 ships to sail along the Spanish coast plundering goods. In 1593 he obtained a ship from his father, first named Repentance by his mother but changed to Dainty by the Queen. He departed Plymouth, crossed the Atlantic and raided Valparaiso, but was captured by several ships, 1300 Spaniard against his 75 men. He surrendered after the third day after being wounded on the condition his men be set free. He was imprisoned in Peru for 3 years and then in Madrid, where he attempted to escaped but was caught. He was ransomed for  £3,000 in 1602 which his step mother begrudgingly paid. When he return home he was knighted by King James the I, became mayor of Plymouth and its MP in the parliament. Sir Richard Hawkins was a very important man, a solider, navigator, shipbuilder, commander, father, son and employee. He is best known for his voyage to South Africa. Richard Hawkins also discovers the Falkland Islands which he mapped and named Hawkins Maidenland. Hawkins wrote the memories of his first sea trip under the title â€Å"Voiage into the South Sea†, which became the most famous Elizabethan adventure, re-published by the Hakluyt Society and reworked in Charles Kingsleys Westward Ho! He also used three of his own ships in the Armada in which he fought and risked his life and property to help the British won. He also was in England’s politics as a parliament member. He bombarded the Spanish fleets by stealing gold and treasures, enabling England to compete with Spain and supporting his country. Also, when he was captured by Spain he sacrificed himself for his crew. Without Richard sacrifice his crew could have been killed. From the beginning with Richards’s father also being an important mariner, it makes sense that Richard should become a mariner that surpasses his father. From the start of his first time to sea at 22 he never stopped seeking exploration and adventure. Without his contributes to exploration, parliament, the Armada, his novels, and his sacrifices to his men, country and family, the world would not be the same.

Long Term Effects of Concussions in Sports

Long Term Effects of Concussions in Sports Concussions in Sports and The complications Concussions may have on a Person Abstract This paper is going to discuss concussions in sports and the complications this may have on a person in later portions of life. Concussions can happen at any time or in anyway. Someone can be playing on the swings and falls off the swings and can receive a concussion if they hit their head or be playing a sport and get hit in the head by a ball or player. Concussions can be worse if it happens repeatedly. We will discuss the complications on what can happen if you receive many concussions while playing sports. We all know playing sports can have its issues either by receiving a serious career ending injury or an injury that can have a lasting effect on a life after sports. But did you know there is a serious injury in sports that can have a big impact on life after sports, the injury I am talking about is Concussions. All Concussions can happen in different types of ways such as getting tackled too many times or getting hit in the head after a tackle. Getting hit in the head in any sport can be painful and can have serious issues. So why is concussions a very big deal, well lets look at it in a simple way. Youre playing a sport, lets say football and youre the quarterback and youre playing a game, you get tackled and you get hit in the head. Your head hits the ground. At first you may or may not feel anything, or may not have any symptoms but what happens when you hit your head is that the brain gets knocked around inside the skull like a balloon filled with water being tossed around. When the brain gets knocked around, serious damage can happen to the brain matter or brain tissues. So you may be asking what a concussion is. Well the definition of a concussion is basically when your brain gets tossed around in the skull and suffers damage to the tissues on the brain. How can you get a concussion, you can get a concussion by a direct blow to the head, neck, face or elsewhere on the body with a force thats being transmitted to the head. The results can be rapid onset of short impairment of the brain or impairment, and can largely have a functional disturbance thats greater than structural injury. So what happens to the brain during a concussion? Well first the adult brain is a 3 pound organ that floats inside the skull and is surrounded by cerebral spinal fluid which usually acts as a shock absorber almost like a shock absorber in a car. When the brain is moved rapidly inside the skull, the brain bounces off the skull which causes a concussion which has technically hap pened. Research from McGill University in Montreal found out tha So to relate this to the statement before this example, I have a friend who received trauma to the head and instead of being taken out of the match that he was participating in to see if he had a concussion he decided to get back into the match. He decided not get treatment until he started feeling the symptoms. This is a prime example of what not do to treat a possible concussion. It is best if you get early recognition of a concussion. But unfortunately this is easier said than done. Unlike muscles or bone injuries, when your brain gets a bump or bruise, you won’t feel any pain. And unlike illnesses a concussion may present parents or coaches with a situation they are not prepared to handle. So you won’t be able to recognize the magnitude of a concussion. . Age factors have a distinct role in concussion management because when it comes to dealing with sports concussions, a lot of research demonstrates that high school athletes take longer to recover from a concussion then when compared to a collegiate or professional athlete. But high school athletes also may experience greater or severe symptoms and more neurological disturbances. The research also estimates that 53% of high school athletes have sustained some type of concussion before high school. And 36% of collegiate athletes have a history of multiple concussions. The frontal lobes of a human brain continues to be developing until the age of 25 years old. So it is vital to manage and monitor concussions from an early age to make sure no severe outcomes happen. Some risk factors that are obtained from a sport related concussion, have been researched and suggests that a person who has had a prior history of concussions are 1-2 times more susceptible to receive a second concussion, a third concussion is 2-4 times more likely to happen from the previous concussion. If that person has received three previous concussions in their life then they are 3-9 times more likely to get a fourth concussion and even a fifth concussion may follow. Certain studies show that females are more likely to get severe concussions than males. Females tend to have more symptoms than men and require more overall time to recover. The reason for these differences are because there are various differences in the brain functions. Also if you have a history of developmental disorders, Mental disorders or psychiatric disorders and have had a history of headaches, migraines these can play a part in a concussions. There are long term consequences of having a concussion. Some of the long term effects of concussions are having development of mild cognitive impairments (MCI’s), chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) and other types of outcomes including having post-concussion syndrome (PCS). Post-concussion syndrome is a complex disorder that has a variable combination of concussion symptoms, which are like having headaches and dizziness. These can last for weeks and sometimes even months after the injury has occurred. People who have PCS usually have symptoms that occur within the first 7 to 10 days and usually go away within 3 months, but can also last for a year or more. Some facts: CDC estimates 1.6 to 3.8 million concussions happen each year. 5-10% of all athletes will have some type of severe concussion in any sport season during their sports career. Fewer than 10% of sport concussions involve a loss of consciousness Football is the biggest sport with concussions, with males being at risk (75%) Soccer is also the most common sport with concussions in females (50%) 78% of concussions have occurred during the game(s). Headaches (85%) and dizziness (70-80%) are more commonly reported symptoms than other types of symptoms of concussions. Estimates of 47% of all athletes have not reported feeling any symptoms after a concussive blow. Pro football players will receive an estimated 900 to 1500 blows to the head during the season which result in at least one concussion. The impact speed of a professional boxers punch is around 20 mph which could seriously do damage to the brain. The impact speed of a football player tackling a stationary player is around 25 mph, which can not only cause damage to the brain but also to the body if hit incorrectly. The impact speed of a soccer ball being headed by a player is around 70 mph. So let’s go into each sport to see what the findings on concussions are. The first sport is American football, football is associated with the highest number of traumatic brain injuries in males and has the highest participants than any other sport. Because of the difficulties of determining brain injuries or examining concussions, it is better to compare the injury trends over a long period of time. Catastrophic brain injury has been defined as a head injury that has been caused by direct contact during a competition or sport related activity, these can be fatal, nonfatal permanent or serious nonpermanent injury. The next sport is baseball/softball, players or participants that play in this sport as of 2008 were 10,916,754 high school men and 23,517 high school women, additionally 616,947 men competed at college level. Early reports of concussions were hard to diagnose or were under diagnosed by the trainers, coaches and medical professionals. Concussions usually happen if the baseball or softball is hit with a bat and hits a player in the head or if a player is trying to dive, running or sliding to either catch the ball or slide into a base and sometimes while performing these activities they may hit their head on the ground against a player or even sometimes against a wall. A third sport is basketball now I really haven’t heard of many concussions happening in this sport I have heard of a couple incidents where this actually has happened. Participation of basketball participants are approximately 13.8 million in high school along with 11 million in high school and additionally 375,000 men and 328,000 women competed in college basketball. The way to receive a concussion in this sport is relatively awkward in the way it happens. I have heard that when players jump to the net and fall sometimes they may slip and hit their head on the court or even sometimes when they are running across the court they may not be able to fully stop and run into or jump into the crowd and may hit their head. Now concussions in this sport is relatively rare. Another sport is cheerleading, the participation in this sport is mostly made of females and is estimated 3.5 million cheerleading participants. Cheerleading is regarded as a sport that usually has concussions and is associated with risk catastrophic head and spine injury. The routines that the cheerleaders do are risky and can cause severe injury. Gymnastic routines are what causes most of these types of injuries such routines are tumbling runs, human pyramids, lifts, catches, and tosses. Gymnastics is also within the group of cheerleading and has a participation field of more than 100,000 men and 640,000 women who compete in high school and an additional 15,000 and 40,000 women compete in college. Ice/field hockey also have a high rate of concussions due to pucks hitting a player or being by a player in the boards or on the field, the participation of players are approximately 723,000 men and 752,500 women competed in high school and an additional 27,800 men and 2,800 women play ice hockey each year. And around 2008 approximately 3000 men and 1.43 million women competed in high school field hockey with an additional 145,000 women competed in college. Soccer is another sport where concussions are most likely to happen. Participation of this sport is around 7.2 million men and 5.2 million women played in high school and an additional 430,000 men and 322,000 women competed in college. The way you can get a concussion in this sport is actually in many ways either by heading the ball with you head getting hit in the head by another players head or even getting hit in the head by a goal keeper when the keeper is trying to save the ball. I personally have had a concussion in this sport too. But mine was by my own goal keeper. I was blocking an opposing player and my keeper had the ball when he kicked the ball, the ball actually came at me instead of lifting into the air like it was supposed to, the ball hit me directly in the face. I of course went down and blanked out, I was immediately taken out of the game and when my team arrived to the school my parents were not notified of what happened by the coach but by another parent who happe ned to be attending the game, I was taken to the doctors the next day when I was told I had a concussion I was told not to participate for a week or so till I recouped. So in conclusion sports related concussions can be dangerous if not reported and treated. Brain injuries can cause after effects to a person even up to a year. References Buzzini SRR, G. K. (2006). Sport-related concussion in the young athlete. Curr Opin Pediatrics, 18:376-382. Covassin, T. P. (Year). Sport- Related Concussion and Factors that Affect Outcomes. Retrieved from Glata.org: http://www.glata.org/documents/filelibrary/glata_2013_presentations/Glata_2013_C45213223130B.pdf Daneshvar, D. H. (2012). The Epidemiology of Sport-Related Concussion. National Institute of Health. Department of Health and Human Services (US), C. f. (2001-2005 MMWR 2007). Non-fatal sports- and recreation-related traumatic brain injuries treated in emergency departments. 56:733-737. Field M, C. M. (2003). Does age play a role in recovery from sports-related concussion? A comparison of high school and collegiate athletes. J Pediatrics, 142:224-227. Guskiewicz KM, W. N. (2000). Epidemiology of concussion in collegiate and high school football players. Am J Sports Med, 28:643-650. Langlois JA, R.-B. W. (2006). The epidemiology and impact of traumatic brain injury: a brief overview. 21:375-378. Mayers, L. B. (spring 2013). Outcomes of Sport-Related Concussion Among College Athletes. Retrieved from neuro psychiatry online (J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci): http://neuro.psychiatryonline.org/data/Journals/NP/926971/115.pdf Pearl, R. M. (2014, 4 17). A Doctors Take on Sports-Related Concussions. Retrieved from Forbes: http://www.forbes.com/sites/robertpearl/2014/04/17/a-doctors-take-on-sports-related-concussions/ Powell JW, B.-F. K. (1999). Traumatic brain injury in high school athletes. JAMA, 282:958-963. Sports Concussion Institute. (n.d.). Retrieved from Concussion treatment: http://www.concussiontreatment.com/concussionfacts.html Staff, M. C. (2011, Sept 29). Post-concussion syndrome. Retrieved from Mayo Clinic: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/post-concussion-syndrome/basics/definition/con-20032705